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George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (;〔("Handel" ) entry in ''Collins English Dictionary'', HarperCollins Publishers, 1998, which gives the common variant "George Frederick" (used in his will and on his funeral monument) alongside the pronunciation of his last name. The spelling "Frideric" is used on his 1727 application for British citizenship.〕 born ドイツ語:Georg Friedrich Händel,〔In Italy he signed his name "Hendel", as the German is pronounced. See: The life of Handel by Victor Schoelcher, (pg. 1 )〕 (:ˈhɛndəl); 23 February 1685 (O.S.) (5 March ) – 14 April 1759)〔Hicks, in Grove 1998, p. 614〕 was a German, later British Baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos. Born in a family indifferent to music, Handel received critical training in Halle, Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727. He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition. Within fifteen years, Handel had started three commercial opera companies to supply the English nobility with Italian opera. Musicologist Winton Dean writes that his operas show that "Handel was not only a great composer; he was a dramatic genius of the first order." As ''Alexander's Feast'' (1736) was well received, Handel made a transition to English choral works. After his success with ''Messiah'' (1742) he never performed an Italian opera again. Almost blind, and having lived in England for nearly fifty years, he died in 1759, a respected and rich man. His funeral was given full state honours, and he was buried in Westminster Abbey in London. Born the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti, Handel is regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Baroque era, with works such as ''Water Music'', ''Music for the Royal Fireworks'' and ''Messiah'' remaining steadfastly popular.〔George J. Buelow (2004). "A History of Baroque Music". p. 476. Indiana University Press, 2004〕 One of his four Coronation Anthems, ''Zadok the Priest'' (1727), composed for the coronation of George II, has been performed at every subsequent British coronation, traditionally during the sovereign's anointing. Handel composed more than forty operas in over thirty years, and since the late 1960s, with the revival of baroque music and historically informed musical performance, interest in Handel's operas has grown. ==Early years== Handel was born in 1685 in Halle, Duchy of Magdeburg, to Georg Händel and Dorothea Taust. His father, 63 when George Frideric was born, was an eminent barber-surgeon who served the court of Saxe-Weissenfels and the Margraviate of Brandenburg.〔Adams Aileen, K., Hofestadt, B., "(Georg Handel (1622–97) ): the barber-surgeon father of George Frideric Handel (1685–1759)", Journal of Medical Biography, 2005, Aug; 13(3):142–49.〕 According to Handel's first biographer, John Mainwaring, he "had discovered such a strong propensity to Music, that his father who always intended him for the study of the Civil Law, had reason to be alarmed. He strictly forbade him to meddle with any musical instrument but Handel found means to get a little clavichord privately convey'd to a room at the top of the house. To this room he constantly stole when the family was asleep". At an early age Handel became a skilful performer on the harpsichord and pipe organ. Handel and his father travelled to Weissenfels to visit either Handel's half-brother, Carl, or nephew, Georg Christian,〔Friedrich Chrysander states it was not his half-brother but the 10-years older (!) nephew, who had to address George Friedrich as his uncle. (zeno.org )〕 who was serving as valet to Duke Johann Adolf I.〔Weissenfels is 34 km south of Halle; a one-way trip on foot would have taken them about seven hours. As they went by coach they travelled faster. For more details see: The life of Handel by Victor Schoelcher, (books.google.com )〕 On this trip, young Handel was lifted onto an organ's stool, where he surprised everyone with his playing.〔(Philip J. Bone, The Guitar and Mandolin, biographies of celebrated players and composers for these instruments, London: Schott and Co., 1914. )〕 This performance helped Handel and the duke to convince his father to allow him to take lessons in musical composition and keyboard technique from Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, the organist of Halle's Marienkirche.〔 Zachow composed music for the Lutheran services at the church, and from him Handel learned about harmony and counterpoint, copying and analysing scores, and gained instruction on the oboe, violin, harpsichord and organ.〔 In 1698 Handel played for Frederick I of Prussia and met Giovanni Bononcini in Berlin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Frideric Handel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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